Cognitive Performance

This study compares general cognitive performance across athletes trained in open-skill sports (requiring reactive, unpredictable responses) versus closed-skill sports (stereotyped, self-paced), finding that open-skill training is associated with superior attention switching and executive flexibility.

Comparing moderate versus vigorous aerobic training, this study examines how exercise intensity differentially benefits executive function components — including working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control — in middle-to-old age adults.